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Thomas Weir Stuart Burnett (1853-1888) - Sculptor of Crusoe Statue

2/5/2025

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The above photograph features the Robinson Crusoe statue on Lower Largo's Main Street, on the day of its unveiling. The evergreen branches around the edges of the image are some of the many decorations around the village on that momentous day - 11 December 1885. The base of the statue (see detail below) is inscribed with the words T Stuart Burnett A.R.S.A. Sc. 1885 to indicate that the sculptor was Thomas Stuart Burnett, an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, and that the piece was sculpted in 1885. Burnett was present on the day of the unveiling, along with his wife.

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A full illustrated biography Thomas Stuart Burnett has recently been published online and can be found here.  This blog biography provides a full account of all Burnett achieved in his relatively short lifetime. Many photographs of the man, his family and his works are included. A read through this record, which has been created by Burnett's great grandson William Walkington, is highly recommended.

https://williamwalkington.blogspot.com/p/thomas-weir-stuart-burnett-1853-1888.html​

As well as learning about the creation of the Robinson Crusoe statue in the context of Burnett's other work, you can find out some fascinating facts such as his role in the creation of the Greyfriars Bobby statue at the junction of Candlemaker Row and George IV Bridge in Edinburgh.

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It is especially interesting to note that the man who acted as best man at Burnett's wedding in 1882 was artist George Whitton Johnstone. A member of the Royal Scottish Academy, Johnstone produced multiple watercolour landscapes of the Largo are in the late nineteenth century, including of Viewforth and the Temple. Johnstone is also known to have acted as model for Burnett's statue of Rob Roy (1884). Is it possible he could also have modelled for the Crusoe statue? And if not, who did? Do you think there are similarities between the two pieces below (Rob Roy to the left and Crusoe to the right)? If you visit the biography, you can see a photograph of Johnstone and decide for yourself whether he bears some resemblance to the famous statue of Robinson Crusoe. 

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The day after the 1885 statue unveiling the Fife Free Press reported that...

"There has now been completed by Mr T. Stuart Burnett, A.R.S.A., a life-size statue, in bronze, of Robinson Crusoe. It is placed in a niche in the wall in front of the cottage where he is said to have been born, and stands about six feet high. It is spiritedly designed and perfectly executed, and it certainly tells its own story. There is no dubiety as to who the figure is intended to represent. To all who have read the romance of his first voyage, it looks like an old friend. Crusoe is clad in his rough coat of goat's skins, with torn and tattered breeches of the same material. His muscular legs are bare from knees down. His feet are enclosed in skin strapped down. His left hand is slightly pressed on an old rifle, while his right shades his eyes, which are looking expectantly to sea as if to snatch the glimpse of a passing sail. An old Scottish claymore hangs by the left side, while an old war axe hangs from his right side. The cap is also of skin. Altogether the figure is a satisfactory model, and a true representation of Robinson Crusoe". 

William Walkington's blog biography celebrates the productive life Thomas Stuart Burnett, cut short by his untimely death at the age of 34 years in 1888. Largo is fortunate to be graced by an fine example of Burnett's work, which continues to gaze down from the same location of its unveiling some 140 years ago.
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With many thanks to William Walkington for sharing the link to his superb biography of Burnett, which provides an excellent resource and a detailed insight to the life of a talented man who left his mark on Largo.
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Catherine Gillies (nee Selkirk) - 1779-1862

25/4/2025

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Catherine Selkirk was born in Largo on 29 January 1779 and was baptised two days later in the presence of the congregation of Largo Kirk, as the record below tells us. Her parents were "John Selkirk weaver in Nether Largo and Margaret Martin his spouse". Nether Largo was the name used then for Lower Largo. The above photograph appeared in the book 'Seatoun of Largo' by Ivy Jardine (1982). John Selkirk (Catherine's father) was the son of Alexander Selkirk, who in turn was the son of David Selkirk (or Selcraig), the eldest brother of the famous Alexander Selkirk. This made Catherine 'Robinson Crusoe's' great-grand-niece.
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When Catherine was eight years old her mother Margaret died. The record below shows that she died on 14 December 1787 and was buried on 17 December. Just over a year later, her father John remarried, to Isabel Peattie or Pattie.

So what was life like in Largo around that time?

The Old Statistical Account of 1792, written by the Reverend Mr Spence Oliphant of Largo Kirk, provides some insight to daily life. In terms of health and wellbeing, the account tells of how "coughs are very general, rheumatism and other inflammatory complaints are not infrequent. Epidemic disorders sometimes appear..." often affecting those on "a low and spare diet". The typical diet of the population was described as "meagre broth, potatoes, cheese, butter in small quantities, and a preparation of meal in different forms, make up their constant fare". Meat was generally reserved for "a birth or marriage, or some other festival".

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At the time fish were "scarce" and "at present there is not a fisherman in Largo, and only 1 in Drummochy, who fishes in the summer and catches rabbits in the winter". The pier at Largo was in existence at the time "where vessels of 200 ton may receive or discharge their cargoes". In the Parish there were 3 corn mills, 2 barley mills, 3 lint mills and 2 salt pans. The main industry of the Parish was weaving, of mostly "linens and checks", with every weaver having access to a bleaching ground. The flax was mostly imported but was dressed and spun in the village. The image below provides some impression of how the buildings along the shore at Lower Largo looked at this time, although this particular artwork dates to a several decades later.

The Old Statistical Account also refers specifically to Alexander Selkirk and noted that "the chest and musket which Selkirk had with him on the island, are now in the possession of his grand-nephew, John Selkirk, weaver in Largo", referring to the father of Catherine. Upon the death of John Selkirk, Catherine became the keeper of the relics. These well-travelled artefacts had been left behind by Alexander around 1717 when he departed the village suddenly with Sophia Bruce.

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Catherine Selkirk married fisherman/ linen weaver David Gillies in 1799. Some sources state that the couple had thirteen children but it is difficult to be certain as records are incomplete. In the census of 1841 (see extract above) David, Catherine, David junior (a fisherman) and Janet are listed in the household, as well as Catherine's sister Margaret Selkrig, aged 50. David Gillies died in 1846, leaving Catherine a widow. In the 1851 census (below) Catherine was recorded, aged 72, along with the only other member of the household - a 10-year-old grandchild, Christian Gillies. 
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In September 1856, a London-based publication named Willis' Current Notes, included an article containing "New facts respecting Robinson Crusoe". The piece began as shown below and went on to quote extensively from the Largo Kirk Session records, listing various examples of the "naturally turbulent" lives of the family and their "quarrelsome habits". The piece ends by referring to "Widow Gillies" (Catherine) as the last of her generation of Selkirks, who reports suggest at this time had been predeceased by nine of her children. 

A picture is painted of a poor widow who relies on "the benevolence of those who visit her interesting cottage, and the relics of her far-famed predecessor". Among the visitors that viewed the cottage, the sea-chest and the cocoa nut cup, had been Sir Walter Scott and his Fife-born publisher Archibald Constable. The pair arranged for a new rosewood stem and foot to be added to Selkirk's cocoa nut cup, along with an inscribed silver band to encircle the rim. Constable also paid for the Largo Kirk Session records to be rebound.

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Catherine lived to see the arrival of the railway in Largo in 1857, which must have been momentous for the community. At the time of the 1861 census she was living alone, and she died the following year, on 1 February 1862, just days after her 83rd birthday. Her obituary in the local press spoke of a "pleasant spoken" woman, who had experienced a life of labour and of "toiling, rejoicing, sorrowing". Having lost her mother as a child and predeceased by several children - sorrow was a theme throughout her life, yet this was coupled with a lifelong association with her famous relative and the home in which she lived was surrounded by public interest. 

Among the children who outlived her were:

Margaret Allan nee Gillies (married shoemaker David Allan); born c 1801, died 1876 aged 75
Samuel Gillies (fisherman); born c 1808, died in 1892 aged 84 at Bower House, Lower Largo
Christina Deas nee Gillies (married fisherman John Deas); born c1813,  died 1894 aged 81
James Gillies (fisherman/whaler); born 1816, died 1902 aged 87
Alexander Gillies (fisherman); born c1823, died 1898 aged 76


On her death record below her mother was incorrectly noted as Isabella Peattie, who was actually her step-mother. Her son Samuel registered her death and must have been illiterate as he signed with a cross as 'his mark'. Catherine was buried at the new cemetery very recently opened in the Parish. Soon after her death, the old cottage and birthplace of Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721) was demolished and the current Crusoe Buildings built upon the site. The relics so long cared for by Catherine were sold - finally separated from the birthplace of their former owner.
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Alexander Selkirk's Cottage

18/4/2025

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Pictured above is a carte de visite by John Patrick of Leven, featuring a model of the house in which Alexander Selkirk lived in Lower Largo. The name 'Patrick' and the place 'Leven' can be seen in tiny writing on the left of the card and on the reverse is the photography studio's logo of the time (see below). This photograph of the model house can be dated to circa 1865. 
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The book 'Seatoun of Largo' by Ivy Jardine states that the scale model of the Selkirk cottage was made in 1865 by David Selkirk Gillies (then aged 22). John Patrick the photographer left Leven in 1867 for Kirkcaldy, confirming that the carte de visite must date to before then. The demolition of the old Selkirk home was preceded by the death in 1862 of Catherine Gillies (nee Selkirk or Selcraig) the great-grand-niece of Alexander Selkirk, the Largo-born inspiration for the character Robinson Crusoe. 
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Catherine, the widow of fisherman David Gillies, died on 1 February 1862 aged 83 years. The notice above appeared in the 4 February Fife Herald. She was both the owner and occupant of the home where Alexander was born. She "guarded most religiously the cup and chest, which, as interesting relics, had descended as an heirloom in the family" according to the Fifeshire Journal of 17 April 1862. The piece went on to say that "the death of this old woman is about to be followed by changes which must tend much to break up and obliterate the Largo-Crusoe traditions....The quaint old house of her fathers, with its moss-covered thatch, its grey walls and small windows" would soon also meet its demise. The house was indeed pulled down and the Crusoe relics put up for sale. The old cottage was likely demolished in 1862, as the replacement building on its site was described as 'ready for occupation' in November 1863. The model may therefore date to 1862, if modelled from real life rather than memory or sketches.
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The actual house was likely not quite as neat and straight-edged as the model suggests. The engraving below by William Ballingall from his 1872 book 'Shores of Fife' shows the same number of windows and doors but a more uneven rooftop and gables. The engraving also shows some additional detail in terms of the adjoining structures, which provide more context. Note the crow-stepped gables - some examples of which can still be seen on Main Street today.

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Once the old buildings were taken down and the site cleared, several new dwellings were erected. The replacement building on the actual cottage site was named Crusoe Buildings. This symmetrical building contained four dwellings each of which had a 'kitchen' and a 'room' with space for a corner bed. The building had undergone several refurbishments over the decades, including the enlargement of some windows and the conversion of the attic. The niche at the upper level, where the statue now reside, does not feature on the original drawings for the building. The Robinson Crusoe statue that we see today was unveiled in 1885. 

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Adjoining Crusoe Buildings were additional new dwellings, including 'Twin House', shown below, which was made for inseparable twin brothers William and Robert Gillies, owners of the fishing boat Ocean Bride. Several properties were built in total in a distinctive terrace - now 99 - 113 Main Street.
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The model of the old cottage survived for many decades, receiving some repairs and repainting along the way. It looked slightly different by the early 1980s and appeared as below in the book 'Seatoun of Largo'. If you know what became of the scale model of the Selkirk family home - please leave a comment.
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Best Kept Village

14/2/2025

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Back in 1962 the inaugural 'Best Kept Village' competition was held across St Andrews District. Organised by the St Andrews District Council, the contest followed in the footsteps of Cupar District, where a successful event had been held the previous year (won by Strathmiglo).  Both districts were gifted trophies by J. & G. Innes Limited, proprietors of the Fife News and the St Andrews Citizen. By winning, Upper Largo became the first winners of the 'Citizen' trophy, represented in the sketch above. The nineteen competing villages had been visited on 25 June by the judges, who included the curator of St Andrews Botanical Gardens. 

Points were awarded for the appearance and condition of lands and buildings of a public nature, such as playing fields, open spaces, the village hall and surroundings, church and churchyard, bus shelter, war memorial and school. The cleanliness of verges, ponds and streams and the condition of hedges, fences and walls, the tidiness of flower and vegetable gardens, and the general appearance of the village were all taken into account. The suitability and orderliness of advertisements and notices, and the absence of litter and unsightly rubbish dumps also factored.

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The following year, 1963, Strathkinness triumphed in the contest, which must have spurred on the community in Upper Largo, who won the trophy back in 1964 and again in 1965. When Upper Largo retained the title in 1965, they received 82 points from the judges, just pipping runners up Boarhills who scored 81. The photograph below appeared in the 5 August Leven Mail, showing the plaque mounted on an 8-foot pedestal. This was positioned prominently on the grassy area at the junction of Main Street and St Andrews Road, seen below, with Largo Law in the background. 

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Councillor John Adamson (retired teacher and former headmaster of Lundin Mill Primary School) accepted the award and said how proud he was to see the village win again. He praised the hard work of the villagers, as well as their spirit of co-operation and civic pride. Some of the others featured in the photograph are detailed below.
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In fact, Upper Largo would go on to win the Best Kept Village title several more times over the years. The winners of subsequent years are listed below:

1966 - Upper Largo
1967 - Kingsbarns 
1968 - Kingsbarns
1969 - Upper Largo
1970 - Kingsbarns
1971 - Lower Largo
1972 - Kingsbarns
1973 - Upper Largo
1974 - Upper Largo

Note that Lower Largo also got in on the act - entering for the first time in 1967 and winning the crown in 1971 (beating Upper Largo into third place). Judges praised the new colour scheme of the Crusoe Hotel (shown below), the tidiness of the car parks at the Temple and the former railway station, as well as the well-kept gardens of the housing estates. They were less impressed with the general lack of litter bins around the village. The trophy on its tall pedestal was put up at Cellar Braes for the year. The 28 August 1971 St Andrews Citizen below provided the full report. John Adamson and Joseph Grassick were both present (as they had been in Upper Largo a few years before). As the list of winners above shows, however, before long the trophy was back in Upper Largo!
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The Bells of St David's

13/12/2024

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The former St David's Church had two different bells during its existence - the one which can still be seen today at the rear of the roof (pictured above) and the original bell which hung in a tall stone bellcote above the front entrance. The original bell was presented by the family of Alexander Hogg  a former Largo blacksmith who had died in 1870, the year before the church building was erected. The original bell and bellcote can be seen in the images below.
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After many decades of service, not to mention exposure to the coastal elements, the bellcote and its rope-operated bell were in need of repair. By the early 1960s, the tall stone bellcote was considered dangerous and so a project was begun to make it safe. The bellcote was taken down and the stone work at the rear of the roof was also reduced in height. The bell was recast, relocated to the rear of the roof and was converted to electric power. 

Mr Ewan Bryden co-ordinated the project and also designed the cross-topped metal structure which would house the new bell. The bell was recast at John Taylor and Company, Bellfounders and Bellhangers. The name 'Taylor' can be seen on the bell in the images further below. Founded in 1859, Taylor have cast more than 25,000 bells which hang in over 100 countries around the world. You can read more about that here and watch a video about the bell founding process here and in the other videos on the firm's YouTube channel.

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Funds for the works came from a memorial fund in the name of Miss Nicoll, supplemented by fundraising activities organised by the congregation. As the 4 November 1964 piece above from the Leven Mail explains, there was a show held in the Durham Hall, where the Sunday School, Bible Class, Kirk Session, Woman's Guild, Life Boys and Youth Club presented a programme of entertainment. This included a song written by Mr McGregor, sung to the tune of "The Bells of St Mary's" called "The Bell of St David's".
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On the first Sunday of 1965, a service was held at which the bell was rededicated (see 6 January Leven Mail piece above). The new gates and railings were also dedicated at the same time. A plaque was placed in the church vestibule to mark the occasion and to ensure that the memory of Miss M.M. Nicoll, late Kirk Treasurer was remembered.
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Margaret MacDougall Nicoll (1882-1962), was a daughter of Kirkton of Largo Schoolmaster Thomas Nicoll. She became a school teacher herself and had died on 10 June 1962, at which time she was Honorary President of Largo St David's Women's Guild. Margaret was the second eldest of five children - William (1880), Margaret (1882), Robert (1886), Mary (1888) and Annie (1892). She attended Kirkton of Largo Primary School (where her father was master for 35 years) then Waid Academy in Anstruther, before going to St Andrews University where she gained an M.A.. In May 1900 she was appointed temporary mistress at Kirkton, assisting her father and beginning her career in teaching. More on the life of Miss Nicoll will follow in a future post.

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The former Largo St David's Church building has now embarked upon a new chapter - read more here.
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Largo Harbour Bridge - Opening

29/11/2024

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The previous post covered the life of Robert Black - a native of Woodside who became Chair of Largo Parish Council and Inspector of the Poor for the Parish. Indeed it was Robert Black who, towards the end of his life, cut "the barricade of red, white and blue ribbon" with "a pair of silver scissors" to allow the first cars to pass over the new bridge linking Drummochy to Lower Largo on Saturday 3 October 1914. Many years in contemplation, the long-desired bridge was composed of steel girders and troughing and parapet railing, with concrete wing walls. It came at a cost of £1,455, 8s and 5d.

The commemorative photograph above was captured by keen amateur photographer, Robert Paxton of Homelands. It shows the first of the three cars that crossed the new bridge as part of the opening ceremony. This car, registration SP 708, bedecked in flowers, belonged to Lower Largo's Walter Horne. Another of the cars belonged to Upper Largo's Thomas Wishart. The cars carried members of the Largo Parish Council, the engineers and the bridge contractors. A profusion of flags and bunting surrounded around the bridge. The buildings in the background from left to right are The Railway Inn (light-coloured gable end), Alexandra House (centre), Beach House (3-storey terrace with dormer windows and many chimneys) and the Crusoe Hotel (extreme right). Robert Black and his wife Eliza could well be among the crowd. Are you able to identify any of the faces shown below? 
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Among the crowd of onlookers are three young women holding collection tins and trays of charity flags. There was a 'flag day' in progress to raise funds for the Belgian Relief Fund set up to support a country stricken by the opening weeks of the First World War. The extract below from the 4 September 1914 East of Fife Record gives a feel for the news being reported back to Britain from the front line and explains why locals had been motivated to raise funds. The flag day was managed by Margaret Paxton, wife of Robert Paxton who was also treasurer of the local Belgian Relief Fund. The 3 October flag day collection raised the sum of £14 14s and 4d thanks to the generous support of locals from across the three villages.  

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​Having been presented with a pair of silver scissors by Walter Horne, Robert Black declared the bridge open "in the name of the Parish Council" and expressed "the hope that it would fulfil all their expectations and be of advantage to all and disadvantage to none". As the ribbon was cut, there was "a great scramble on the part of the spectators to secure a piece as a remembrance of the occasion". The 8 October Leven Advertiser ran a lengthy article describing the occasion. A large crowd raised loud cheers "as the first gaily decorated motor car sped across the bridge". 

After the official party crossed the bridge in the cars, they, and a few select others, made their way to the recently completed Victoria Hotel for a "daintily cooked and perfectly served dinner" supplied by Miss Brown. Toasts were made, including one to Messrs Bruce and Proudfoot of Cupar and Kirkcaldy, the civil engineers. The building contractor for the bridge project had been Mr Henderson of Markinch. The Motherwell Bridge Company was also acknowledged, having supplied specialist materials. The engineers and contractors presented Robert Black with a silver tray and Walter Horne with a silver cigar case, in recognition of their co-operation as members of the Parish Council. After completion of the toasts, speeches, and presentations the national anthem was sung.

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The pair of maps below compares the harbour area before and after the building of the road bridge. Close inspection shows that the corners of a couple of gardens had to be clipped to enable smooth entrance to and exit from the bridge for vehicles. One of those who gave up a portion of their garden was Dr Selkirk, owner of Alexandra House (which had a large rectangular front garden in the older map). 
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One of the people present at the road bridge opening ceremony, shared his recollections of attending the opening of the old wooden footbridge across the burn some 40 years beforehand, in 1875. Mr Henderson the contractor for the new bridge reacted by commenting that no individual who had witnessed the ceremony today would outlast the new steel bridge. He was quite right! A series of images of the bridge as it looks today are below.
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The Castle

1/11/2024

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The tiny dwelling, pictured above on the day of the unveiling of the Crusoe statue on 11 December 1885, once stood on Lower Largo's Main Street. It was situated where the 'Malagan' sculpture now stands. Situated between the 'Forth View' shops and 'Cliff House' (now known as White House), the dwelling was named 'The Castle' in the census of 1891 (see extract below). It was unoccupied at the time of that census but appears to have had a series of short term tenants prior to then. 

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The name 'The Castle' is an ironic one for this diminutive structure but the name also has some basis, given its elevated position above the beach behind a high wall. It stood alone in its own plot, in contrast to neighbouring terraced dwellings and can be seen in a wider context in the postcard view below (white building to the right). 
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On Monday 17 October 1898 a "terrific gale" hit the east coast of Scotland, resulting in loss of life and property and a string of ship wrecks. The headlines from the Dundee Courier of 19 October above reflect the impact along the Forth and Tay - the coast "strewn with wrecks". It was this storm that brought about the demise of The Castle. A piece from the Leven Advertiser of 20 October sets the scene by describing the inundation of Lower Largo...

"The tide and fierce billows washed the main street, and at the harbour and the Crusoe Hotel the thoroughfare was impassable, the hotel for a time being entirely isolated. Each window had to be boarded up and the door barricaded and made watertight. At Drummochy the sea made a clean sweep over the embankments and menaced the houses, and rising higher than the footbridge, tore up the roadway. Thousands of tons of earth and rock were torn away; right on to the links the face of the shore was almost entirely changed. Largo pier has suffered from many gales but never has it presented such a ruined appearance as today."

The article goes on to mention how many outhouses abutting the beach were damaged and the one property which was completely destroyed...

"This was a dwelling owned by Mr Selkirk, and tenanted by Mrs Cooper. It was undermined and the wall fell in - at present only the gable next to the street is still standing."
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Other houses had tiles stripped off and windows driven in but for this little house the damage was terminal. The photograph below shows how vulnerable the building (and the outhouses close to it) would have been to a raging sea.​

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The tenant of the property, Mrs Cooper, was the widow of grocer Thomas Cooper. Thomas Cooper had died earlier in 1898 from meningitis aged 36 years. His widow Helen Cooper (nee Mitchell) carried on running the licensed grocery business at Forthview after his death, and continued to do so after the storm. While she and her children lived above the grocer shop, she perhaps used the destroyed property as a store or sublet it to summer visitors. Helen Cooper went on to die in tragic circumstances five years later, in 1903, aged 33 years. The grocer shop was later run by Peter Scott and then William Gould. The shop can be seen in the postcard view below - between Mrs Davie's shop and the Co-operative. It is now 56 Main Street. Part of the plot where The Castle stood can also be seen below, on the far right foreground. 

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The site of The Castle was not rebuilt upon but became the garden of the house on the opposite side of the road. Nowadays it is adorned with the striking 'Malagan' sculpture (2008) and a decorative garden gate - the work of local artist Alan Faulds. On his website, Alan explains that Malagan was inspired by a trip to Lithuania in 2006, in which tall wooden roadside structures named Roofed Poles caught his attention.

Speaking to Fife Today in 2008, Alan explained that 
“they were sometimes erected to commemorate a particular event...for example, during Soviet control, a deportation of someone to Siberia might result in the erection of a Roofed Pole. Usually it would be swiftly removed by the authorities.” He continued "I wanted to make something that carried that power.”

The finished piece incorporates a variety of influences from Mexican, Hindu, Baltic, Indian and ancient Greek art and the name Malagan relates to sculptures from Papua New Guinea. I wonder what the former tenants of The Castle would make of the creative use of this space today.

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Main Street 1960s Postcard View

25/10/2024

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Above is a 'then and now' comparison of the west end of Lower Largo's Main Street. In the black and white 1960s view, cars are parked on the left side of the street, leaving the right side clear for pedestrians. Nowadays cars only park on the right and spaces are generally at a premium. Several attics have been converted during the period between the two pictures, with dormer windows added to a few homes. In the middle distance, the height of Alexandra House (where the Rio Cafe was) has increased over time. That extra storey was added in 1965, dating the postcard to before then. The Crusoe Hotel comes into view at the end of the street then and now.

Close inspection of the detail in the distance reveals the 'Wall's' ice-cream sign that hung outside Potter's Newsagent on Defoe Place. There newspapers, groceries and postcards were on sale and there was a Post Office and a public telephone inside. In fact, the early 1960s postcard featured was probably bought from this shop, as the sender was based directly over the street at Edina View (where a cross marks their location). The reverse side of the postcard is shown below. It is stamped 22 August 1967 and was sent to Kent.  An X marks the 'boys bedroom' in the upper flat within Edina View, The message reads:

This is a new card I have got - not great but it shows the back of our house. Weather just grand - only 3 wet days so far. On the beach since 10am this morning except for lunch time at Crusoe. Just off to phone you and it is still glorious. Bob off today, Mr and Mrs L here for 10 days. Love to all, Muriel and gang.

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It sounds very much like a holiday maker that is writing but the birth notice below from the Leven Mail in December 1961 suggests that Bob and Muriel were full-time residents of 2 Edina View. 
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Annotated in the image below are Edina View (1), Rock View (2) and Beach House (3). These flats had long been a popular venue for summer visitors, having been built for Andrew Selkirk in phases circa 1890, on the site of some old and run down properties. Lists of summer visitors - like the example further below from 25 August 1898 Leven Advertiser - show their popularity at the time with folks escaping the city for a few weeks. 
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History of Belmont Temperance Hotel

4/10/2024

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The Belmont Temperance Hotel, pictured in the centre of the image above, once stood adjacent to Largo railway station. The snippet above from the 8 August 1890 East of Fife Record, details the circumstances that would eventually lead to the building of the hotel. The piece highlighted the "enormous" demand for accommodation in Largo but also pointed out the lack of options for those looking for only a short stay. While a couple of hotels existed, these had a small number of rooms, plus, these were "licensed premises" and many visitors at the time would have objected to that. 

The temperance movement, which encouraged abstinence from alcohol, had been established for decades. The local lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars - the Robinson Crusoe Lodge - had been established in 1872 and was still very active in 1890. Lundin Mill had once had its own small Temperance Hotel. Against this backdrop, a proposal was made to build a new temperance hotel. Specifically, it was to be close to the beach at Lower Largo. By the summer of 1890 it was thought that a suitable site at Drummochy had been identified. However, that particular plan did not come to fruition and teetotal visitors had to wait a little longer.

There was no record of a temperance hotel in the census of 1891 but by July 1893, the local papers were listing summer visitors staying at the Belmont Temperance Hotel on its elevated position between Largo Station and the north side of Main Street. A storm in August 1893 resulted in a Norwegian vessel running aground at the Temple. Her crew were given hospitality at the Belmont Hotel under the care of hotelkeeper Mary Carswell. The 1895 valuation roll shows that Andrew Masterton, joiner, was the property owner, suggesting that he was responsible for its construction. 

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Soon afterwards, James Houston became tenant hotelkeeper. The advert above dates to 1898 and appeared in the 28 July Leven Advertiser. It would seem that James was not committed to the temperance aspect of the establishment. In April 1898, he applied to the County Licensing Court for a six-day hotel license for the 11-bedroom hotel. James explained that he was acting upon the request of travellers, boarders and summer visitors who were aggrieved at having to "send outside for refreshments". Apparently that Easter a group of a dozen visitors who were all in the hotel one night drew up a petition asking for this "much required license" to be granted. The license was not granted by the court, the members of which believed that there was demand for a temperance establishment. An extract from the 22 April 1898 East of Fife Record notes the discussion at the court which includes the comment that "one place should be reserved for temperance people". 

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Unsurprisingly, the following year James Houston "removed" from the hotel. A sale of his household furniture and the hotel furnishings took place. The items available were listed in the 9 November Leven Advertiser. The list below gives an impression of what the hotel interior would have been like with its 12 feet dining table, marble top basin stands, brass bedsteads, brass stair rods and paraffin lamps.

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In 1900, George Cumming, a draper who had decided to turn his hand to hotelkeeping, took charge of the Belmont. In fact, George was the brother of the well-known Leven draper Alexander Cumming, who began his long-standing business in 1897 (purchasing his shops on Leven's High Street and Bank Street in 1914). George had married Isabella Mill in 1898 and their son George was born in the Belmont Hotel on 28 March 1901. The family were recorded there in the 1901 census along with George's 80-year-old mother Agnes, one boarder (a commercial traveller) and one servant.

George Cumming's time at the Belmont was also short-lived. This may have been precipitated by the sad and shocking death of a guest in the summer of 1902. A young man who had been staying at the hotel for a few weeks was found dead between Strathairly and Viewforth, having shot himself in the head. George Cumming decided to return full-time to drapery and established a business in Colinsburgh. By the 1911 census he and his wife had five children and his mother (now aged 91) was still living with them. Agnes Cumming lived to be 100 and died in November 1920. Some fascinating details about her life are detailed below from the 30 June and 15 November 1920 Dundee Courier.


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The 1 April 1903 Scotsman newspaper ran the small advert above stating that the hotel was "under new management". A W Urquhart was named as proprietor. However, by 1906, it was all change once again when there was another auction of furniture from the hotel (see notice below from 26 April 1906 Leven Advertiser).

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Finally, a period of stability began when Miss Margaret Pippet Sawyer and Miss Mary Elizabeth Sawyer took over the Belmont in 1906. The sisters were born in the English coastal town of South Shields and were daughters of a mariner turned hotelier. Before coming to Largo they had lived in both Leith and North Berwick (where the family had run a temperance hotel). The article above detailed one of their early bookings at the Belmont - a tea party for a temperance group (30 June 1906 Fife Free Press). The advert below dates to their era. At the time that the 1911 census was taken, a 29-year-old Margaret Sawyer (also known as Marguerite) was the only resident at the Belmont Hotel. She and her sister later moved to Elie, where they ran various holiday accommodation over the years, both eventually marrying.

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Andrew Masterton, who had owned the property since it was first built, passed away in 1913. The ownership of the Belmont Temperance Hotel passed to his daughter Catherine Clayton (nee Masterton).  She was owner listed on the 1915 valuation roll and a William Francis Ireland was tenant hotelkeeper. Sadly, the hotel was advertised for let in 1916 and the reason given was "death of tenant" (see advert below). William Ireland had died at the hotel on 16 May that year.
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The 1920 valuation roll had Mrs J MacDougall and Miss J MacDougall as tenants with Catherine Clayton still the property owner. The 1921 census tells us that this was Jessie MacDougall and her daughter Jessie Mary. Also present for the census were four visitors and a servant (house and table maid). In December 1921 the wedding reception of the only daughter of the minister of Largo Baptist Church, Rev. Pulford, took place at the hotel. The hotel was advertised for sale in both 1920 and in 1922 (but apparently never sold as Catherine Clayton was still listed as owner in 1925). 

By summer of 1923 the hotel was under new management with Hugh and Janet McLean taking over the reins. During their time in charge, the Scottish colourist George Leslie Hunter was a guest on more than one occasion. Hunter's choice of a Temperance hotel is significant as his friend, art dealer and biographer, Dr Tom J Honeyman was a big supporter of the Temperance Movement. It's fascinating to imagine such a well-known artist producing familiar artworks featuring local scenes from this base - his hotel room full of his art materials, rough sketches and works in progress. 

​The story of the Belmont came to an abrupt end in the early hours of Friday 22 January 1926, when the hotel was gutted by fire. Only Hugh and Janet McLean and their child were occupying the hotel at the time. The "magnitude of the blaze attracted many spectators" in what was a unique spectacle for Largo. Later the same day the report below appeared in the Dundee Evening Telegraph.
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A more detailed piece from the 26 January Leven Advertiser described the drama that brought an end to the hotel that had graced Lower Largo for more than three decades.

"In the early hours of the morning Mr McLean was awakened by the insistent barking of his dog and, assuming that something must be wrong, he made investigation, and found the lower part of the building a mass of flames. The occupants promptly made their escape in night attire, and were received at a friend's house."

The Buckhaven and Methil Fire Brigade were called just before five in the morning, however, by the time they arrived it was clear that the hotel was beyond saving and the focus was on protecting the surrounding buildings and railway.  A shortage of water hampered their work and use had to be made of the sea, although this proved to be challenging as the tide was far out and the hotel situated in an elevated position. Seven hours later the fire brigade left but the hotel's interior was completely destroyed, the roof had fallen in and only the walls remained.  The image further below shows the roofless shell of the building, which remained for years. 

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The side by side maps below show the hotel in 1912 when still standing (left) and the equivalent site in the 1960s (right) when the empty outline of the shell of the building was still marked on maps. The hotel building outline with its sea-facing bay windows is in the centre of the map extracts (below the F.B. which marks the foot bridge over the railway line). Further below are images of some traces of the old hotel which remain on the foot path up to the car park at the old station. A modern private dwelling, aptly named Belmont House, now occupies the plot of the former hotel.
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A.S. Cunningham's Largo and Newburn

27/9/2024

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The previous post introduced Andrew S. Cunningham, journalist and writer. His publication covering the Parishes of Largo and Newburn, is entitled Upper Largo, Lower Largo, Lundin Links and Newburn. As the preface below explains, the inspiration for the book was the Robinson Crusoe statue on Lower Largo's Main Street. In Andrew's own words:

"Gazing one day on the statue of Robinson Crusoe in the main street of Lower Largo, a thought struck me that I might write the "True Story" of Defoe's hero. When I had completed my short story, a suggestion came to the effect that I might compile a book bearing on the whole Parish of Largo, and the Parish adjoining, Newburn. I have acted on the suggestion."

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Also in the preface (written in March 1907 in Leven) Andrew thanks a number of people. Firstly, Sir John and Lady Gilmour, the proprietors of the Lundin Estate, to whom the book is dedicated. They provided information and illustrations, including photographs taken by Lady Gilmour and the artwork below of Largo Pier by Dr Charles Blatherwick (which depicts the scene without the railway viaduct). Thanks are also made to local photographers John Patrick, Andrew Hogg and Peter Cowie (the latter two also being local chemists). Robert Paxton is also acknowledged for his contribution of photographs. Finally, the Misses Sawyer of Belmont Hotel are mentioned (more to follow on them in a future blog).
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The contents of the book and many and varied, covering local people, places and practices. For the time, it is richly illustrated. One of the most intriguing photographs is the one below of Largo Harbour from Drummochy. The large vessel is a two masted, square rigged brigantine. The image probably dates to the winter of 1901-02, after the alterations to the Crusoe Hotel during which the dormer windows were added, but before the hotel was given a fresh coat of paint. 

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The book also features many interesting adverts for local businesses across the Largo villages and Leven, such as those above. Of course, an advert for Purves and Cunningham and the Leven Advertiser and Wemyss Gazette also featured. This advert, below, highlights that the newspaper publishes a list of summer visitors during the months of June, July and August. Mention is also made of the fact that the paper often includes historical notes, reflecting Andrew's personal interest.
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I wonder how many of the businesses and societies across Lower Largo, Lundin Links and Upper Largo made use of Purves and Cunningham's 'Jobbing Department' for their printing needs (letter heads, posters, tickets, etc) or which products they stocked for their customers (cards, invitations, boxes). No doubt shop keepers, hoteliers, golf clubs, society officials, etc. all knew Andrew Cunningham back in the early 1900s.

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